What is being analysed?

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a protein biomarker that is often measured in blood samples. It is primarily used as a tumour marker, particularly in the assessment of ovarian cancer.

What does the result mean?

Elevated levels of HE4 may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer or other gynaecological malignancies. However, it's essential to note that elevated HE4 levels can also be found in benign conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Why perform the analysis?

HE4 analysis is performed to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer. It helps healthcare providers assess the likelihood of ovarian cancer and determine appropriate treatment strategies.

When should the analysis be done?

HE4 analysis is typically recommended for women who are at high risk for ovarian cancer or who are presenting with symptoms suggestive of ovarian malignancy. It may also be included in routine cancer screening protocols for certain populations.

What sample is required?

A blood sample is required for HE4 analysis. This sample is usually drawn from a vein in the arm using a standard venipuncture procedure.

Is any prior preparation necessary?

Generally, no specific prior preparation is necessary for HE4 analysis. However, it's essential to follow any instructions provided by healthcare providers or the testing facility regarding fasting or medication restrictions, if applicable.

What are the normal values?

The normal range for HE4 levels can vary depending on the laboratory and the assay method used. However, in general, HE4 levels in healthy individuals are typically below 140 picograms per millilitre (pg/mL).

Interpretation of HE4 levels

Note: Interpretation of HE4 levels should always be done in consultation with a healthcare provider familiar with the patient's medical history and other clinical findings.

What does having altered values mean?

• Elevated HE4 Levels: Elevated HE4 levels may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer or other gynaecological malignancies. Further diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies and biopsies, may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment.
• Decreased HE4 Levels: Decreased HE4 levels are less commonly reported and may not have significant clinical implications. However, they should be interpreted in the context of the individual's clinical history and other laboratory findings.