What is analysed?

Respiratory pathogens are microorganisms that have the potential to cause respiratory infections or diseases in humans.

Common respiratory pathogens include:

• Viruses: Examples include influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), SARS-CoV-2, and adenoviruses.
• Bacteria: Examples include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and bordetella pertussis.
• Fungi: Examples include aspergillus species and candida species.

The respiratory pathogens panel includes various tests which detect the presence of genetic material (RNA or DNA) of the respiratory pathogens.

What does the result mean?

The result indicates the presence and types of specific respiratory pathogens in the body.

Why conduct the analysis?

The respiratory pathogens panel is conducted to determine whether a respiratory infection is caused by specific bacteria or viruses, and to help guide treatment for a respiration infection.

When to conduct the analysis?

The respiratory pathogens panel is conducted in cases of:

• Severe illness due to a respiratory infection.
• Hospitalisation due to a respiratory infection.
• Increased risk for severe infection with potential complications or concurrent multiple infections.

What sample is required?

A single respiratory sample is required.

This can be in the form of:

• A nasopharyngeal swab, which is collected from the back of the nose and throat.
• A nasal wash, which is collected after sterile saline is pushed into the nose and then gentle suction is applied.
• An aspirate, which is collected after sterile saline is pushed into the nose and then the resulting fluid is collected into a cup.

Is any prior preparation necessary?

No specific preparation is needed.

How is it performed?

The sample is sent to a laboratory, where molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nucleic acid amplification tests are used to detect and amplify the genetic material of the respiratory pathogens.

What are the normal values?

A negative test result indicates that no respiratory pathogens were detected.

What does having altered values mean?

• Positive influenza A or B: Indicates the presence of the influenza viruses.
• Positive RSV: Indicates respiratory syncytial virus infection.
• Positive adenovirus: Indicates respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
• Positive for other pathogens: Depending on the pathogen detected, the result guides specific treatment approaches for other bacterial or viral respiratory infections.