What is being analysed?

A sputum culture is a laboratory test that examines the presence of bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms in the respiratory tract secretions (sputum) expelled from the lungs and airways. This analysis helps identify the specific pathogens causing respiratory infections.

What can be diagnosed with this analysis?

Sputum culture is utilised to diagnose various respiratory infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It aids healthcare providers in selecting appropriate antibiotics or antifungal medications for targeted treatment based on the identified pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

When should the analysis be done?

A sputum culture is typically recommended when a patient presents with symptoms of a respiratory infection, such as persistent cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and production of discoloured or bloody sputum. It is especially important for individuals with chronic lung conditions or those who are immunocompromised.

What sample is required?

A sputum sample is obtained by coughing deeply to bring up mucus from the lungs and airways. The sample should be collected in a sterile container provided by the healthcare provider to avoid contamination.

Is any prior preparation necessary?

Prior to collecting the sputum sample, it is essential to rinse the mouth with water to reduce contamination from saliva. It is also advisable to collect the sample in the morning before eating or drinking anything.

What are the normal values?

In a normal sputum culture, no significant growth of bacteria or fungi is observed. However, the presence of certain types and quantities of microorganisms may vary depending on factors such as the individual's health status and environmental exposures.

Interpretation of Results (Table):

What does having altered values mean?

Altered values in a sputum culture indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that may be responsible for causing respiratory infections. Depending on the identified pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, appropriate antimicrobial therapy will be initiated to treat the infection effectively. Additionally, the presence of certain microorganisms may indicate underlying conditions or complications, necessitating further medical evaluation and management.