What is being analysed?

Synovial fluid analysis involves examining the synovial fluid, which is the lubricating fluid found in joints, to assess its composition and characteristics.

What does the result mean?

The results of synovial fluid analysis can provide valuable insights into the underlying cause of joint symptoms or inflammation. It helps in diagnosing conditions such as arthritis, infection, or injury.

Why do the analysis?

Synovial fluid analysis is performed to aid in the diagnosis of joint-related disorders, including inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis, gout, or joint injury.

When to do the analysis?

Synovial fluid analysis is typically recommended when a patient presents with symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, stiffness, or limited range of motion that may indicate an underlying joint disorder.

What sample is required?

A sample of synovial fluid is obtained through a procedure called joint aspiration or arthrocentesis. During this procedure, a needle is inserted into the joint space to withdraw a small amount of synovial fluid for analysis.

Is any type of prior preparation necessary?

Patients may be instructed to avoid taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, before the procedure to minimise the risk of bleeding. Additionally, informing the doctor about any allergies or medical conditions is important.

How is it used?

Synovial fluid analysis helps healthcare providers make accurate diagnoses and develop appropriate treatment plans for joint-related conditions. It may also be used to monitor disease progression or response to treatment over time.

What are the normal values?

Normal values for synovial fluid analysis may vary depending on factors such as age and the specific laboratory performing the analysis. However, typical normal values include:

• Appearance: Clear to pale yellow
• Volume: Sufficient for lubrication of the joint
• White blood cell count: < 200 cells/μL
• Protein: < 3.5 g/dL
• Glucose: Similar to blood glucose levels

What does it mean to have altered values?

Altered values in synovial fluid analysis may indicate various joint-related disorders or conditions:

• Increased white blood cell count: suggestive of inflammation or infection
• Elevated protein levels: may indicate inflammatory arthritis or joint injury
• Decreased glucose levels: seen in septic arthritis or inflammatory conditions
• Presence of crystals (e.g., urate crystals): indicative of gout or other crystal-related arthritis

Table of Normal Values for Synovial Fluid Analysis