What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)?

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) involves the use of small, low-voltage electrical currents to treat pain. The electrical currents are delivered from a battery-powered TENS machine which patients are given to use at home.

The TENS machine is small and includes leads which are connected to sticky pads called electrodes. You place the pads directly onto the skin where the pain is and the device delivers small electrical impulses to relieve pain and relax muscles. They also stimulate the production of endorphins; the body’s natural painkiller.

What does TENS treat?

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is primarily used to treat pain which is caused by a variety of conditions, including:

• Period pain
• Arthritis
• Pelvic pain
• Sports injuries
• Muscle pain
• Fibromyalgia 
• Back pain
• Knee pain
• Neck pain

How well does TENS work?

TENS is best used to mitigate chronic pain. This device works by preventing the activation of nerve cells responsible for transmitting pain. Although research is still ongoing, many health care professionals report that for some people, this device can help relieve pain, but it depends on the individual. It is important to note that TENS isn’t a cure for pain but only provides short-term relief.

How do you use TENS?

These machines are lightweight and small, and most evidence suggests that using them while you are active is much more effective compared to when you are sitting down. It should not be used when you are driving, operating heavy machinery or in the shower or bath.

1. Ensure the machine is switched off before attached the pads to the painful area
2. The pads should be placed either side of the painful area and at least 2.5cm apart from one another
3. Turn on the device on a low setting and gradually increase the strength until the sensation is strong but comfortable
4. It should be used for at least 30 minutes to get the most from this machine
5. Once you have finished, turn the machine off and remove the pads

There are some areas of your body you should never position the pads. These include:

• The front or sides of your neck
• Your mouth and eyes
• Your temples
• Your chest and upper back at the same time
• Any cuts, sores or irritated skin
• Varicose veins
• Numb areas of the body

What are the side effects?

This treatment is very safe and most of the time doesn’t cause any side effects. Some people may experience an allergic reaction to the pads causing the skin to become red and irritated, however, there are special pads available for people with allergies.

Is TENS safe for everyone to use?

TENS is not safe for everyone, especially if you have a pacemaker, any kind of heart problem, are pregnant or suffer from epilepsy. You should always seek medical advice before using this device.